Safe Use of Ladders in the Workplace

Falls continue to be the leading cause of workplace injuries with nearly half a million reported injuries each year. There is no surprise then that Fall Protection and Ladders were two of the top five most cited standards in 2024 with nearly 9,000 violations between them. Below we will discuss the two main types of ladders and the safe operating standards to help keep you from becoming another preventable statistic.
 
Stepladder
Also known as a portable ladder, stepladders are self-supporting with an a-frame design that connects braces or steps between the rails. These ladders are typically used indoors and at heights below 12ft.
Before using a stepladder, make sure to:

• Inspect the ladder – make sure there are no damaged, bent, or missing pieces of the ladder. Confirm the ladder is placed on even ground with the spreaders fully locked out
• Confirm the rating – make sure you select the properly rated ladder for your load and work. There are five types of ladders based on use and load rating
• Check your surroundings – confirm there are no active power lines or electrical devices nearby. Remove any dirt, grease, or other liquids that could result in a fall during/after use

When in use, make sure to:

• Maintain three points of contact – when moving up and down the ladder always have two feet, one hand or two hands, one foot on the ladder at all times. Do not carry tools or materials in hands while climbing
• Keep yourself within the rails – do not overextend your center of gravity outside the rails. This can commonly lead to losing your balance or causing the ladder to fall
• Do not stand on the top cap – top caps are clearly marked as unsafe for use. Make sure you select the proper size ladder to reach all places in your work space

 
Extension Ladder
Extension ladders are ladders with two sections connected by brackets that allow the sections to slide and adjust in length. Since these ladders are typically used outdoors, they are not self-supporting and need a structure to connect to.
Before using an extension ladder, make sure to:

• Inspect the ladder – make sure no components are damaged or missing. Confirm locks and foot pads are installed properly and working
• Properly set the ladder – make sure the base is secured to level ground. Confirm the angle is at a 4:1 ratio (height to base of the structure) and extends beyond the elevated work surface at least three feet
• Secure the ladder – make sure the ladder is properly secured to the structure. Confirm there are no overhead or electrical hazards in the surrounding area and no doors or openings near the work space

When in use, make sure to:

• Maintain three points of contact – when moving up and down the ladder always have two feet, one hand or two hands, one foot on the ladder at all times. Use a tool belt or a hand line to move tools

• Always face the ladder – keep your weight and face always toward the ladder when working or moving. Do not allow yourself to overextend outside the rails
• Leave room for step off – keep the area above and below the ladder clear to allow room to step on and off the ladder. Only allow one person to travel at a time

 
Ladders are an easy and portable way to work at heights on the jobsite. When using ladders, always make sure to check your surroundings, inspect before use, and maintain proper contact/work zone to stay as safe as possible. To keep the conversation going, download the Ladders toolbox talk (TBT) or comment below.

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